Last week we looked at pubs, focussing on their use as meeting places for various events, like auctions and inquests, and for societies like gardening clubs and friendly societies. This week, let’s have a look at the different ways pubs today are managed.
In 1989, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission produced a report on the supply of beer, which resulted in two Statutory Instruments documents, which became known collectively as the ‘Beer Orders’ 1989, Individually these SIs were ‘The Supply of Beer (Tied Estate) Order, 1989’ and ‘The Supply of Beer (Loan Ties, Licensed Premises and Wholesale Prices) Order, 1989’.
The reason
for the ‘Beer Orders’ was because the Monopolies and Mergers Commission were
concerned by the lack of competition in the market, which was at the time served
by around six national brewers in the UK, and these breweries dominated the
market. I’m sure we’ve all heard of them -
Allied Brewers, Bass, Courage, Grand Metropolitan, Scottish & Newcastle, and Whitbread.
The ‘Beer Orders’ were aimed at loosening the tie between pubs and brewers, and the way it worked was to restrict the number of tied pubs [1] that a large brewery could own (they became limited to only 2,000 across the UK). In addition, the brewery was obliged to introduce at least one guest beer in its premises. The whole premise was to make the whole industry easier to get into, and to increase competition between all those with vested interests – so, the brewers, the wholesalers, and the pub retailers themselves.
And so it was that pub-owning companies came into existence, usually referred to as ‘PubCos’, some of which were large organisations who weren’t previously in the pub business. Some of the ones we’re probably familiar with are Punch Taverns, which were a spin-off from Allied Lyons Brewery; Enterprise Inn, which were spun off from Bass, and Admiral Taverns, which were created by Scottish & Newcastle.
As well as the ‘PubCos’, there were other companies created specifically to buy some of the pubs that the big breweries were obliged by the ‘Beer Orders’ to sell, an example being the Pub Estates Group. So, as well as the PubCos etc., some breweries who didn’t own more than 2,000 venues already, also bought more pubs to add to their holdings, and some of these now have a variety of different brands. An example of this is Greene King who run the brands we know as Hungry Horse, Chef & Brewer etc.. Pubs were also sold to individuals, some continuing to operate as pubs, other converted to housing.
I believe the ‘Beer Orders’ were all done in good faith that the market would diversify, and the wealth spread more evenly, but, of course, we now know that the ‘Beer Orders’ seemed to have had the opposite effect, which was in many ways far less a desirable outcome.
The ’Beer Orders’ of 1989 were revoked 2003, and in 2004, the House of Commons produced a report on Pubcos. (There’s also a 2008-9 report from the House of Commons, which explains the 2004 report in more detail).
I believe it was the 2003-4 event that led to the 2003 Licensing Act, and it was this which in turn led to the creation of the microbreweries. The Charnwood Brewery was one of the first to open in Loughborough, and has a small seating area at its Jubilee Drive premises, and dedicated micropubs at Mountsorrel and Shepshed (soon to be joined by one at Barrow). The Needle and Pin in The Rushes opened shortly after the Charnwood Brewery, and has been followed by Moonface Brewery and Tap on Moira Street.
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| Charnwood Brewery |
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| Needle & Pin |
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| Moonface |
In 2016, the ‘Pub Code Regulations’ were introduced, the aim of which was to regulate in some way the relationship between the PubCo and the pub tenant. So, the PubCo would rent the pub to the tenant and would sell supplies to them, effectively making them into a tied pub. The regulations gave the tenant an opportunity to change the renting model to one where they paid a Market Rent Only (MRO), meaning no more obligation to buy supplies from the PubCo. The catch is that this can only be involved at certain points, and the option is only open to tenants of PubCos that own over 500 pubs.
I must admit, my poor brain finds it difficult to cope with, and understand all the changes that have happened to our pubs over the years. So, who actually owns what? When I visit the pub will I find a landlord, a lessee, a tenant, a building owner? I suppose it doesn’t really matter as long as the experience of visiting the pub lives up to expectations, and people are treated to excellence in customer service, and an excellent product!!
So, the Stonegate Pub Company, which was created in 2010 when it bought 333 pubs from Mitchells and Butler, has since that time taken over many, many other business, the latest being Enterprise Inns (known as EI) in 2020. That latter acquisition has led to Stonegate having about 5,000 sites, about one-third of which are held in the managed division of the company, and about two-thirds are leased and tenanted. The Slug and Lettuce is one of their venues, as is the Walkabout brand – neither of which we have in Loughborough. Those Stonegate premises we do have in Loughborough are The Phantom, and the Bell Foundry.
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| Phantom |
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| Bell Foundry |
Admiral Taverns, which was founded in 2003, now have around 1,600 what they call community pubs, which are run by what the group calls ‘entrepreneurial licensees’. There are currently quite a few Admiral Taverns up for sale or lease, and our lovely Windmill on Sparrow Hill was one of these until relatively recently.
Wetherspoons was also one of those PubCos that were created following the 1989 SI. Until very recently, we had two of their pubs in Loughborough, The Moon and Bell, and The Amber Rooms. Sadly, the former has now closed its doors as a pub.
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| Moon and Bell |
I think that's enough about pubs for one evening, don't you?? You can read more about some of the pubs mentioned in the above article in 'Loughborough Pubs'.
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NOTES
[1] A tied pub is one which sells and promotes only the beer made by the company that owns the pub. Compare with a free house which sells a wide variety of beers.
If you’re interested in statistics of pubs from about 1990 to the year 2020, you can find these in a House of Commons briefing paper.
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Posted by lynneaboutloughborough
With apologies for
typos which are all mine!
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