So who was: William Clarke

... William Clarke?

It really was inevitable, wasn’t it, that I would set off down one research track and end up on another! I often wonder what it is that sets me off on such a quest as finding out about a particular family in the first place. In the case of the Clarke’s of Loughborough, a beautiful house, an interesting occupation, and an almost derelict property that I pass on my walk into town piqued that interest and I had to find out more! So far, however, this research is in its infancy and I know there are many of you out there to whom none of this is news, and some of you out there who still have memories of what I’m about to present, but do, please indulge me, and read on, if you will.

The subject of the Thomas Clarke Dye Works in Loughborough, a company also known as Thos. Clarke & Sons (CLARDYE) Ltd., has cropped up a number of times recently in places where I’ve been – facebook, The Loughborough Echo, a local walk led by myself and Ernie Miller - and so it seemed a logical step for me to do a bit of research on the family behind this.

William Clarke, born about 1853, in Loughborough, was the son of Thomas Clarke of Loughborough, and Ann of Hathern [I haven’t yet worked out her maiden name]. His grandparents were Thomas Clarke, born about 1790 in Oakham, and Catherine, also born around 1790.

Thomas Clarke and his wife Catherine had at least 6 children:

• John, born around 1812
• Elizabeth, born around 1817
• Thomas, also born around 1817
• Philip, born 9 January 1821 and baptised on 27 November 1822, in Leicester
• Sarah, born around 1822
• Jabez, born around 1830

I haven’t done a lot of work on the dye works itself, but I believe it was created around 1825, by Thomas Clarke (senior), and was located in Devonshire Square. This idea seems to be supported by the census return of 1841 which shows Thomas, aged about 50, living with Catherine, his wife, and three of his children – John, Elizabeth and Sarah – in Devonshire Square. Curiously, six houses down, his son, Jabez, aged 11, was living with the Smith family, whilst, Thomas’s eldest son, Thomas, was living in a house on his own, three doors down from his brother, Jabez! The explanation for Jabez being down the road is probably something as simple as he was playing with his 12-year old friend, Matthew Smith, and I’m sure Thomas (junior) was on his own as his wife was away (maybe at her parents’ home) giving birth to their first child, Frederick. And of course, the occupation of those menfolk, was dyer! In fact, many of the men listed on this census page were employed in the dye works, although there were still a few ag labs also listed.

Information from subsequent census returns reveals that Thomas junior and his wife Ann had seven children:

• Frederick, born in 1841
• Thomas, born in 1845
• Sarah Ann, born in 1847
• John, born in 1849
• Elizabeth, born in 1852
• William, born in 1853
• Frances, born in 1856

Trying to decipher the information included on the 1851 census has proved troublesome, as the text is so faint it is hardly legible. However, both Thomas Clarke (senior) and Thomas Clarke (junior) are to be found living a couple of doors apart in Devonshire Square, Thomas senior with Catherine and two of their children – Jabez (mistakenly transcribed as Jobes) and Jane  – and a small visitor, John aged four, who I suspect might be a grandson, and Thomas junior with his wife Ann, and their children, Frederick, Thomas, Sarah Ann (later known simply as Ann) and John (all mis-transcribed as Clack) and Elizabeth, their servant. The occupation of Thomas (senior) is quite indecipherable, as is that of Thomas (junior), apart from the words “dyer” and “Master”, so I’d guess Thomas (junior) was now the boss of the dye works.  

On 16^th April 1859, Thomas Clarke (senior) dies, leaving effects totally under £2,000. On the 1861 census, his wife, Catherine, is listed as a widow and a retired dyer, living with a “house servant” called Mary Carter. Living next door to Catherine, in Devonshire Square, is Thomas (junior), with his wife, their seven children – Frederick, Thomas, Sarah Ann, John, Elizabeth, William and Frances -  and their “house servant”, Hannah Hules(?). This time, the census is readable, and so we discover that Thomas was listed as a woollen dyer and trimmer, the Master, employing 18 men, 3 women, 2 girls and 4 boys, one of the men surely being Frederick who is also listed as a woollen dyer!

I believe that between the 1861 and 1871 census Catherine Clarke died, but as yet have not been able to find a record of this. Thomas and his family, with the exception of his son Frederick, now appear to be living in Forest Road Cottage. As far as I can tell, this would have been somewhere between Emmanuel Church, and Ward's End. At this time, Thomas is employing 17 men, 9 women and 2 boys, and his own sons – with the exception of Thomas – have joined him in the dye works. Interestingly, the two girls, Elizabeth (aged 19) and Frances (aged 15) are listed as scholars, and the family no longer appears to have a servant.

Sadly, between the 1871 and 1881 census returns, Ann, wife of Thomas (junior) dies, leaving him living with two of his daughters – Elizabeth and Frances – who by 1881 had joined the family business, and Thomas. The plight of Thomas, the 36-year old son, now becomes apparent. On the 1871 census he was recorded as having no occupation, and on this 1881 census, the enumerator has crossed out the word “Unemployed” in the occupation column, and entered the phrase “Imbecile from birth” in the final column of the census.

Also between the two census returns, William Clarke, son of Thomas Clarke, married Laura Wakefield from Islington. The marriage took place in Hampstead, on 9^th July 1878, and William’s father, Thomas, is recorded as being a “Gentleman”. By the night of the 1881 census, William and his wife, Laura, have a daughter, Helena Laura, and have two servants. Helena Laura was baptised in 1887, and the address given was Wood Brook, Loughborough. Both Thomas (junior) and William and their respective families are living on Forest Road, about 10 doors apart.

On 8^th May, 1891, Thomas Clarke (junior) died, aged 74, leaving a personal estate of £11,751 4s 2d. On the 1891 census return, William, his sixth child, now aged 38, is living at The Gables on the corner of Forest Road with his wife, Laura, his children, Helena Laura, Henrietta Frances, William Ashley Tyndale and Winifred Margaret. Harriet Leeson, one of the two servants who was living with the family in 1881, is now a trained domestic nurse, and I believe this is significant. There are also two other servants living with the family.

The Gables in 2013

I have read somewhere that William Clarke had The Gables specially built for himself and his family, particularly because one of his daughters suffered from asthma, - hence them employing a nurse - but of course, now that I’m looking for it, I can’t find that reference again! Given that the family were living on Forest Road in 1881, and The Gables in 1891, then it is fairly certain that the house was built between these two dates. This time period is supported by the description of the building as penned by the borough council in its listing building status description.

In 1901 William and his family are still living at The Gables, with three servants. William is still the employer at the dye works, but none of the children, now aged between 14 and 20, appears to have an occupation.

Park Road house (No.55)

Park Road house (No.57, joined to No.55)

On 26^th July 1905, William Clarke dies, leaving £8,524 13s 3d. to his wife. Why she decided to move house after this, I have no idea, but she is reported in the 1911 census as living at no. 55 Park Road, with all her children. The girls are listed as having no occupation, but the son, William Ashley Tynedale Clarke, aged 26, is now an employer in the hosiery industry, presumably, having inherited the dye works from his father. 

On 23^rd April 1953, William Ashley Tynedale Clarke, of 3 Park Street, dies, leaving the sum of £19,657 14s 6d to his widow, Margaret Ann Clarke.  Again, I don’t know what happened after William’s death, but the company was taken over by the liquidator in December 1958: At an Extraordinary General Meeting, held in Leicester on 22^nd December 1958, the following Special Resolution was passed: “That the company be wound up voluntarily and that Bruce Lovatt of 13 New Street in the city of Leicester be appointed Liquidator for the purpose of such winding-up.”, as reported in the London Gazettes of 30th December 1958 and 9th January 1959.

I have found a few other snippets of info that might be of interest to you, for example, a lovely 1926 advert for the company, although I could not say which of the Thomas Clarke’s is pictured.

On 16^th January 1893, a porter at the London and North-Western railway station in Loughborough was caught stealing four pairs of stockings valued at 4s that had been sent to the station by a foreman at Clarke’s dye works for delivery to a client in Scotland. This was not the only theft committed, and the man was sentenced to six weeks’ imprisonment.

In June 1897 reports appeared of the celebrations taking place in Loughborough in honour of Queen Victoria’s jubilee: The Leicester Chronicle and Leicestershire Mercury reported that Messers. Clarke’s dye works, in Ward’s End, “looked extremely well”! This statement was preceded by a comment on street bunting and the shopfront of Mr George Adcock.

It was reported in July 1897 changes were proposed to the Wood Brook, to help prevent recurrent flooding: This involved clearing the course of the brook from Mill Lane to True Lover’s Walk, and the owners of Clarke’s dye works were to be approached with a view to improving the waterways and weirs at the dye works.

The Carillon, the war memorial in Queen’s Park, carries an inscription from Clarke’s Dye Works in honour of those who gave their lives during the First World War. These included a member of the Clarke family, Hilary C. Clarke. 

And it is on that sad note that I must end my story. So, The Gables crops up once more in my research, I regularly walk past the house on Park Road that is now so dilapidated to be an eyesore, my surname is one of those occupational ones, although I have yet to find a family member active in that industry, and someone who trained as a Leicestershire Tour Guide at the same time as me just happens to live in one of the houses previously owned by a member of the Clarke family!

See you next week!

So who was: Dr Eddowes

... Dr Eddowes

A chance sighting of a photograph (i) posted on facebook of an elderly, contented-looking, Edwardian gentleman, sitting in a deck chair with a large dog, in the garden of what was an evidently large house, set me off on a bit of a quest! According to the facebook post, this gentleman was Dr Eddowes, the last of the family of doctors who had a practice in Market Street. Someone commented on the post suggesting that he was sitting in the garden of his house, The Gables.

The Gables

If you don’t know it, The Gables is a large house on the corner of Forest Road and what is now Epinal Way. I think it was built between 1881 and 1891 in a Tudor/Gothic/Domestic revival style, but has had several twentieth century “improvements”. The part of the building that appeals to me most is the verandah: I can imagine sitting out on a glorious summer evening with a glass of wine! However, I’ve never actually had the good fortune to go into the building: When I initially came to Loughborough it was part of the university halls and I did know of someone who lived there, but that’s not quite the same, really though.

Anyway, my investigations actually took me away from The Gables, as it appears that the last of the Eddowes doctors never lived there, at least, not according to the census returns. I seem to spend quite a lot of time looking at the census returns – though not as much as I would like! One thing I do have to remind myself of is that the census return does not tell me who lived in a particular property, but rather who was in the property the night the census was taken! People were not always where one would have expected to find them!

However, extensive research done across the eight available census records shows that no Dr Eddowes ever lived at The Gables. The story of who did live at The Gables is one for another day, so let’s turn our attention to the Eddowes family.

John Henry Eddowes – well, which one? Father and first-born son both had the same name, which was common practice years ago, and the son of one of John Henry senior’s other sons was also named John Henry. To add to the slight confusion, the head of the previous generation was called Henry Eddowes, and both he, John Henry senior and John Henry junior had the same occupation, all worked in the Loughborough Dispensary, and John Henry senior and John Henry junior lived in the same property and worked in the same premises until the death of John Henry senior in 1858!    

A chance sighting of an LAS Bulletin [The Bulletin of the Loughborough and District Archaeological Society, Vol. 2, No. 4, Winter 1979, pp. 14 [i.e. 22]  informed me that at the time of the Earl of Moira’s great sale in 1808, Henry Eddowes, father to John Henry senior, was renting a couple of properties and some land on Market Place. Here’s the detail:

1)      Property – Messuage and gardens in the Market Place. Tenure – On lease for 30 years from Lady Day [25 March] 1801. Quantity – a.r.p. 0 0 2. Rent - £4. Valuation - £25.

  

2)      Property – Messuage and surgeon’s shop in the Market Place. Tenure – On lease for 30 years from Lady Day [25 March] 1803. Quantity – a.r.p. 0 1 3. Rent - £10. Valuation - £25.

3)      Property – Land (specific place not specified). Tenure – At will from Lady Day [25 March], no year specified. Quantity – a.r.p. 8 0 36. Rent - £35. Valuation - £35.

John Henry Eddowes, senior, was baptised in 1796 and married Harriet Jackson in about 1824. He trained as a surgeon and worked in the Market Place, Loughborough. Between 1823 and 1842 he and Harriet had ten children (there may have been more), all of whom were born in Loughborough:

1823 – John Henry
1825 - Walter Dowley

1829 – Harriet Susanna

1832 – Charles

1833 – Marianne (or Mary Ann)

1834 – Edmund (or Edmond)

1836 – Fanny (or Frances) E.

1838 – Ellen (or Helen)

1840 – Sarah Jane

1842 – Arthur Benjamin Jackson

Part of the memorial for Henry Eddowes

I haven’t been able to find much detail about John Henry senior’s parents: His father was named Henry and was born in 1768. He trained as a surgeon and died on 15th October 1827. He was married to Elizabeth who was born about 1763 and died on 14th August 1810. Both are buried in the churchyard of Loughborough Parish Church.

Part of the memorial for Henry Eddowes

Nor have I been able to establish where and when John Henry trained to be a surgeon, although trade directories and poll books from 1828 onwards have him listed as a surgeon working from a premises in Market Place, so I am sure he was a trained medical practitioner. His death in 1858 was reported in the Leicester Chronicle, and he was cited as being “a respectable surgeon”. His will was proved at Leicester on 20^th January 1859, and his effects were under £4000.

But, back to his children! Charles trained as a solicitor and moved to Derby, living on Wilson Road before moving to Kedleston Road, whilst Edmund trained as a priest and moved to Hartford in Cheshire. You may find that one of these children appears in a future blog post, about a different Loughborough family, but for the moment let’s concentrate on John Henry junior.

At the age of about 15, John Henry junior, is listed on the 1841 census return as being a doctor’s apprentice, working with his surgeon father in Market Place. The rest of the family, including Harriet, John Henry junior’s mother, and his siblings are all listed as being in the Market Place premises on the night of the 1841 (and subsequent censuses) so I assume that they lived above the surgery.

In 1846 John Henry junior became a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries. As a result of the Apothecaries Act of 1815, the Society of Apothecaries was given the statutory right to hold exams for people in, or who wanted to join the medical profession. The Society was also allowed to grant a person a license to practice Medicine, and one of its duties arising out of this was to regulate such medical practices.  Delving back a bit further into history, some dispute in 1704 between the Society and the Royal College of Physicians was settled in the House of Lords. The ruling was in favour of the Society being allowed to prescribe and dispense medicines. This means that the apothecary was really what we today would call a General Practitioner. The 1800s saw great developments in medicine, for example, the use of anaesthetics like chloroform, discovery of potential causes of infectious diseases, and new, regulated training for doctors and surgeons which led to changes in the way the sick were cared for. Medicine was moving away from folk remedies and herbal cures, and moving towards a more scientific approach. 

So, it appears that in the early days of his career, John Henry junior would have perhaps been supporting the work of his surgeon father by practising more general medicine and prescribing cures. However, in 1846 he also became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (England) although at this stage I don’t think he would have been a practising surgeon.

Records from Glasgow University show that John Henry junior from Loughborough, graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in 1850. By the time we get to the 1851 census, John Henry junior is listed as an MD, a Surgeon, a General Practitioner and an Apothecary, and is still working with his father in Market Place.  He was elected to the Medical Register on 1 January 1859.

Unfortunately, John Henry senior, died in 1858, so in 1861 John Henry junior was working as a sole general practitioner in Market Place, and his mother and some of his siblings were still listed as living there with him. One sibling, Arthur Benjamin Jackson, who doesn’t appear at Market Place on this 1861 census, is about to make a return to the family home.

On the 1871 census, information about the whereabouts of the practice of John Henry junior is more explicit, stating that the property is at number 6 Market Place. His mother is still living with him, as are some of his siblings, who include Arthur Benjamin Jackson, who is listed as a surgeon, Guy’s Hospital. I would imagine that he is currently training at Guy’s Hospital as he became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (England) in 1863, became a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1867, and was elected to the Medical Register on 24 September 1870. Like father, like brother!

What happens between 1871 and 1881 I’m not quite sure, but at the time of the 1881 census, at the age of 57, John Henry junior is listed as being at Burleigh Fields House (ii), rather than the Market Street practice. So perhaps he has retired. I believe he purchased Burleigh Fields house in August 1867, from the previous owner, George William Johnson (formerly Lillingston), JP, who moved to an estate at Ulverscroft. The purchase actually comprised the house itself, with stabling, coach-house, various outbuildings, a vinery, greenhouse, kitchen garden and pleasure grounds, and two fields of “valuable building land … adjoining Burleigh Fields House” (iii). Also for sale at the same time were productive meadowlands near the Great Meadow, but I am uncertain as to whether or not John Henry bought these as well. So, maybe John Henry retired and left the Market Street practice in the hands of his capable brother Arthur Benjamin, as this is where Arthur Benjamin and his family are on the night of the 1881 census.

In 1891 Arthur Benjamin is still running his general medical practice at number 6 Market Place, living with his family, and John Henry is still living in Burleigh Fields House, incidentally, with his two spinster sisters who have always lived with him – Frances (aka Fanny), and Helen. 1901 finds the brothers living as in 1891, although Arthur Benjamin is now listed as a surgeon.

1906 is a sad year for on 11 July, John Henry Eddowes MD, of Burleigh Fields House dies. Probate is granted from Leicester on 10 October to Edmund Eddowes, his brother, Henry Dean and Joseph Balm Pike. He left £13998 16s 6d.

1908 sees a similar story when Arthur Benjamin Jackson Eddowes, living at “Theydon”, Ashby Road, Loughborough, dies on 10 July. Probate is granted from Leicester on 12 November to Arthur Eddowes, a clerk in holy orders and son of Arthur Benjamin. His effects amounted to £8358 14s 6d.

John Henry’s sisters remained in Burleigh Fields House, and were still there at the time of the 1911 census. I believe they lived her until their deaths – Frances on 4 May 1921 and Helen on 18 July 1922. Both sisters left their effects - £328 1s 7d and £640 13s 9d respectively – to George Rose Eddowes, solicitor, son of Charles, and therefore nephew to the two spinsters.

So, the question is, are we any closer to knowing who the Dr Eddowes in the photograph in the garden of the big house was, or which big house is in the photograph? To confuse the issue yet further, there are a couple of interesting photographs in "The story of Loughborough Dispensary and Hospital, 1819-2003" (iv): There is no date mentioned, but one photograph is of John Henry Eddowes, junior, captioned as John Eddowes, and the other is of his brother Arthur Benjamin Jackson Eddowes, captioned as Benjamin Eddowes. Personally, I don't think either of these look like the gentleman in the photograph I mentioned in my opening paragraph.

However, if, as the person who posted the photograph on facebook suggested, this was the last Dr Eddowes, then he would have been Arthur Benjamin, but it is equally possible that, given that another poster suggested the house was The Gables, which wasn’t where either of the Drs Eddowes lived, then this could equally well have been John Henry Eddowes junior. Of course, this may all be completely on the wrong track and the Dr Eddowes in the photograph may have been visiting friends who lived at the Gables, or it may not even be Dr Eddowes at all!

What do you think?

References:
(i) http://www.inloughborough.com/photopost/showphoto.php?photo=4337
(ii) http://www.inloughborough.com/photopost/showphoto.php?photo=4235
(iii) http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/23290/pages/4507/page.pdf
(iv) Keil, Ian and Wix, Donald (eds.) (2006). The story of Loughborough Dispensary and Hospital, 1819-2003. Loughborough: Loughborough Archaeological and historical Society: with Charnwood and North West Leicestershire Primary Care Trust.